SILVER AND CERIUM NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS METHODS

The study of nanoparticles is currently an area of intense scientific interest due to a wide range of application possibilities in medical and biological fields. Therefore, national initiatives in the field of nanotechnology and nanoparticle research receive broad government support in many countries of the world. Nanoparticle synthesis methods are simple and can be carried out without special laboratory equipment. The very fact of the simplicity of the synthesis process from the technical side makes the synthesis and use of nanoparticles in medicine, biotechnology and other fields of human activity extremely attractive. Silver nanoparticles have a pronounced antibacterial effect against a wide range of bacterial pathogens. The antioxidant properties of cerium nanoparticles are described, which provide the prospect of their use in the therapy of tumor and viral diseases. That is why the purpose of the work is to analyze and compare possible methods of synthesis of silver and cerium nanoparticles and to single out the most promising method. The analysis of the known methods of synthesis of silver and cerium nanoparticles, as well as a comparison of their advantages and disadvantages, allowed us to conclude that the biological synthesis of nanoparticles is the most promising, in particular with the use of plant extracts. An important feature of the biological method of synthesis of nanoparticles is the absence of toxic reducing agents and the complex multi-stage process in comparison with the chemical method of synthesis. Moreover, the biological method of synthesis allows obtaining nanoparticles of a certain size and shape in a wide range of values, while the physical method is very limited. Regulation of the size and shape of nanoparticles obtained by biological synthesis is provided by a simple change of the synthesis conditions, namely the pH value, acidity, concentration of the corresponding metal salt, etc. Green synthesis is a safe ecological and cost-effective method of synthesis of silver and cerium nanoparticles.