Review of Green Methods of Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is a very promising area of research. Silver nanoparticles are the most interesting type of nanoparticle in nanotechnology because they have varied properties, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and antibiofilm forming properties. This review aims to establish which of the most common approaches for the biological synthesis of nanoparticles is the best. In this work, the methods of synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts, bacteria, and yeast are considered. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. The most common method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles is the method using plant extracts, however, stabilizing substances from plant extracts have their own direct biological activity, which can be both enhanced and suppressed by silver nanoparticles. Green synthesis of nanoparticles thanks to microorganisms makes it possible to use a wide range of bacterial strains, but it is important to remember of the pathogenicity of the strains and their danger to humans. From this perspective, the use of yeast for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is the most promising method, as it allows obtaining a large amount of nanomaterial. The synthesis, thanks to yeast method, allows us to control the size and shape of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles obtained from yeast lysates have effective antibacterial and antifilm-forming activity.