Duch Święty w magisterium papieży przełomu XIX/XX wieku

Popes wrote about the Holy Spirit at various times in the history of the Church, also at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The reflections bring us closer to the teaching on the Holy Spirit by Leo XIII (1810-1903), St. Pius X (1835-1914), Benedict XV (1854-1922). These popes ushered in a „new era“ of the Holy Spirit. Their successors: Pius XI (1857-1939), Pius XII (1876-1958), St. John XXIII (1881-1963) were described as heralds of a “new Pentecost”. Such a formula is extremely interesting, if only because of at least two a priori assumptions, namely that something like a “new Pentecost” does exist and that the popes mentioned were its heralds two a priori assumptions, namely that something like a “new Pentecost” does exist and that the popes mentioned were its, whatever it was, heralds. This study focused only on some of the aforementioned aspects.