Efficacy of Liposome-Encapsulated Vancomycin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract Bacterial infections significantly contribute to global morbidity and mortality, with antibiotic-resistant strains, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), presenting severe treatment challenges. This study investigates the potential of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin as a novel treatment to combat antibiotic resistance. Phospholipids were extracted from egg yolk, and liposomes were prepared using the freeze-thaw method. The liposome-encapsulated vancomycin formulation was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the structural integrity and purity of the phospholipids, while AFM revealed a uniform liposome size, with an average diameter of 157 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.0442, indicating high stability and suitability for drug delivery. The antibacterial efficacy of liposome-encapsulated vancomycin was tested against MRSA and Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating that the encapsulated vancomycin inhibited bacterial growth at doses significantly lower than free vancomycin. Liposome-encapsulated vancomycin achieved 100% inhibition of MRSA and S. aureus at higher dilutions, while free vancomycin was only partially effective. These findings highlight the enhanced potential of liposome-based drug delivery in reducing bacterial load and overcoming antibiotic resistance. The study emphasizes the promise of nanotechnology in improving antibiotic efficacy, offering a potential solution to the global health crisis posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.