The remaining forces of Donghak and the trend of righteous army in Honam since 1894: Focusing on the 『Hongjae diary』 of Ki Haeng-hyun, a Buan Confucian scholar

『Hongjae Diary(1866-1911)』 is a diary written by Ki Haeng-hyeon(1843-?) who lived in Buan-gun, Jeolla-do. Ki haeng-hyeon recorded events, news, and rumors in Gobu, Taein, Namwon, and Jeonju, where the Donghak Peasant Revolution took place. He also recorded the trends of Yeonghakdang and Hwajeok, which were called the remaining forces of Donghak. The central government recognized it as a group like Donghak and the righteous army and suppressed the righteous army commander. In this way, Donghak-gun which was disbanded after the Donghak Peasant Revolution, continued its momentum as the remaining forces of Donghak, such as Yeonghakdang, Hwajeok, and Sujeok. Amid the continued suppression of the Donghak, the Iljinhoe was organized, and a person working as a Iljinhoe appeared in Buan. Iljinhoe intervened in local government authority and was also involved in the administration of village. This power of Iljinhoe was further strengthened when the Russo-Japanese War ended with Japan's victory and Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 was signed. Since the signing of the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905, righteous army has occurred in all parts of the country. The activities of the righteous army became stronger with the abdication of Gojong and the dissolution of the Korean army in 1907. Ki Haeng-hyeon recorded the size of the righteous army identified through newspapers, the murder or expulsion of local officials. After the Donghak Peasant Revolution, Donghak-gun in Honam returned to Yeonghakdang and continued its momentum as the remaining forces of Donghak including Hwajeok, and Sujeok. In an era when the sovereignty of the country was lost, Donghak's remaining forces were converted to righteous army by fighting against the Japanese army. Donghak-gun, suppressed by the Japanese military, rejoined the ranks of resistance against Japanese invasion as a righteous army.