Gambaran Karakteristik Pasien Katarak Senilis di RSUD Al-Ihsan Tahun 2023

Abstract. Cataracts are eye diseases characterized by cloudiness in the lens of the eyeball, which remain a leading cause of blindness worldwide. One of the significant risk factors for the occurrence of cataracts is age, which has a significant correlation with senile cataracts. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of senile cataract patients based on age, gender, stage, and management at Al-Ihsan Regional General Hospital in 2023. The research design is descriptive research. The data used are secondary data in the form of medical records of senile cataract patients. The sampling method used was total sampling, resulting in 1892 medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research results show that the most common age group is 61-69 years old, with 847 (44.77%), the most common gender is female, with 1119 (59.14%), the most common stage is immature stage (87.21%), and the most common management is observational management (84.51%). The conclusion of this study indicates that the highest frequency of senile cataract cases is found in females, the 61-69 age group, the incipient stage, and the management provided is observational management. Previous studies showed that the largest group of senile cataract patients were aged 61-69 years, female, in the immature stage, and the treatment given was surgical management. As age increases, there is a degenerative process that will trigger oxidative stress. In women who have entered the menopause phase, there will be a decrease in estrogen that triggers catarogenesis. The type of cataract management is carried out according to the stage of cataract in the patient. Keywords: Characteristics, Senile Cataract, Stage, Treatment Abstrak. Katarak adalah penyakit mata yang ditandai dengan adanya kekeruhan di lensa bola mata yang masih menjadi penyebab utama kebutaan di seluruh dunia. Salah satu faktor risiko signifikan terjadinya katarak adalah usia yang memiliki korelasi signifikan dengan penyakit katarak senilis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran  karakteristik pasien katarak senilis berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, stadium katarak, dan tatalaksana di RSUD Al-Ihsan tahun 2023. Rancangan penelitian berupa penelitian deskriptif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien katarak senilis. Cara pengambilan sampel berupa total sampling dan didapatkan 1892 rekam medis sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik katarak senilis mayoritas adalah kelompok usia 61-69 tahun sebanyak 847 (44,77%) dan berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 1119 (59,14%). Stadium katarak terbanyak adalah stadium imatur (87,21%), dan tatalaksana terbanyak adalah tatalaksana observatif (84,51%). Semakin bertambahnya usia, ada proses degeneratif yang akan memicu stress oksidatif. Pada perempuan yang sudah memasuki fase menopause, akan terjadi penurunan estrogen yang memicu katarogenesis. Jenis tatalaksana katarak dilakukan sesuai dengan stadium katarak pada pasien. Kata Kunci: Karakteristik, Katarak Senilis, Stadium, Tatalaksana