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Religious emigration from the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s
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основная цель данной статьи – определение основных причин религиозной эмиграции из СССР в 1920-1930-е гг. Некоторые историки выделяют экономические причины эмиграции, другие исследователи уделяют основное внимание советской антирелигиозной политике. Рассекреченные документы ОГПУ содержат важную информацию о мотивах религиозных эмигрантов. Рассылаемые из Секретного отдела ОГПУ циркуляры позволяют выявить основные цели советской антирелигиозной политики. Высылаемые в центр информационные сводки региональных отделений этого учреждения освещают обстоятельства реализации поставленных задач и позволяют выявить особенности религиозной жизни в отдельных округах. Эти источники свидетельствуют, что причины этого процесса следует рассматривать в комплексе. Экономические меры советской власти стали лишь одним из множества методов борьбы за вытеснение религии из общественной жизни. Некоторые религиозные общины, например менониты, были более склонны к отъезду из СССР, чем другие, но практически перед всеми верующими стоял выбор между прямой конфронтацией с советской властью и эмиграцией из страны. Других способов сохранения своей религиозной идентичности практически не существовало. В советском обществе не было место для «буржуазных пережитков». Новая советская идентичность предполагала атеизм как ключевой элемент мировоззрения.
the main goal of this article is to identify the causes of religious emigration from USSR in 1920-1930s. Some historians emphasize economic causes of emigration, other researches pay attention to the Soviet antireligious policy as the main reason of it. Declassified documents of OSPU contain important information about motives of religious emigrants. Directives of the Secret department of OSPU circularized among regional departments contain information about main goals of the Soviet antireligious policy. Reports from local departments of this organisation say about circumstances of the realization of this policy, and about peculiarities of religious life in different regions. These materials testify that all the causes of emigration should be studied in total. Economic measures of the Soviet Power were just one of many methods of ousting the religion from the public life. Some religious communities, for example Mennonites, were keener to leave the USSR than others, but for all believers there was a choice between direct confrontation with Soviet Power and emigration from the country. There were almost no other ways of reserving their religious identity. In the Soviet Society there were no place for different “bourgeois prejudices”. New soviet identity presupposed open atheism as the main element of the worldview.
Title: Religious emigration from the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s
Description:
основная цель данной статьи – определение основных причин религиозной эмиграции из СССР в 1920-1930-е гг.
Некоторые историки выделяют экономические причины эмиграции, другие исследователи уделяют основное внимание советской антирелигиозной политике.
Рассекреченные документы ОГПУ содержат важную информацию о мотивах религиозных эмигрантов.
Рассылаемые из Секретного отдела ОГПУ циркуляры позволяют выявить основные цели советской антирелигиозной политики.
Высылаемые в центр информационные сводки региональных отделений этого учреждения освещают обстоятельства реализации поставленных задач и позволяют выявить особенности религиозной жизни в отдельных округах.
Эти источники свидетельствуют, что причины этого процесса следует рассматривать в комплексе.
Экономические меры советской власти стали лишь одним из множества методов борьбы за вытеснение религии из общественной жизни.
Некоторые религиозные общины, например менониты, были более склонны к отъезду из СССР, чем другие, но практически перед всеми верующими стоял выбор между прямой конфронтацией с советской властью и эмиграцией из страны.
Других способов сохранения своей религиозной идентичности практически не существовало.
В советском обществе не было место для «буржуазных пережитков».
Новая советская идентичность предполагала атеизм как ключевой элемент мировоззрения.
the main goal of this article is to identify the causes of religious emigration from USSR in 1920-1930s.
Some historians emphasize economic causes of emigration, other researches pay attention to the Soviet antireligious policy as the main reason of it.
Declassified documents of OSPU contain important information about motives of religious emigrants.
Directives of the Secret department of OSPU circularized among regional departments contain information about main goals of the Soviet antireligious policy.
Reports from local departments of this organisation say about circumstances of the realization of this policy, and about peculiarities of religious life in different regions.
These materials testify that all the causes of emigration should be studied in total.
Economic measures of the Soviet Power were just one of many methods of ousting the religion from the public life.
Some religious communities, for example Mennonites, were keener to leave the USSR than others, but for all believers there was a choice between direct confrontation with Soviet Power and emigration from the country.
There were almost no other ways of reserving their religious identity.
In the Soviet Society there were no place for different “bourgeois prejudices”.
New soviet identity presupposed open atheism as the main element of the worldview.
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