Nanorobots and Nanomedicine in Drug Delivery and Diagnosis

Nanobotics is a developing field of nanotechnology that features a nanoscale measurement and can be anticipated to work at the nuclear, atomic, and cellular levels. Nanobotics offers a new frontier in biomedicine, with the potential to transform diagnostics and therapeutics through its unique ability to manipulate biological systems at a nanoscale level. Nanobots have a carbon-based skeleton and a toolkit that includes components such as a hole containing the medicine, a payload, a capacitor, and a microcamera with a tail having the action of swimming. Nanobots are equipped with special sensors that diagnose target particles and molecules inside the body. These sensors can be used to diagnose and treat different imperative infections like cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, kidney stones, etc. Nanobots can be used to deliver targeted drugs to target areas of the body that are difficult to reach through traditional drug delivery methods such as blood circulation. Nanobots are either powered by exogenous energy (e.g., magnetic field, light, acoustic field, electric field, etc.) or endogenous energy (chemical reactions energy). They have been shown to be capable of encapsulating, transporting, and delivering therapeutic content directly to the site of disease, improving the therapeutic effectiveness and reducing systemic adverse reactions of toxic drugs. This chapter covers the following topics: Nano-based nanobots for diagnostics and disease management, types of nanobots, advantages and limitations, robotic approaches in drug delivery, biomedical applications of nanobots, and their future prospects.