Mosquito repellent and larvicidal activity of essential oils of aromatic plant growing in Bangladesh: a review

Abstract Background In tropical and subtropical regions, mosquitoes represent a significant public health concern, serving as primary carriers of numerous diseases. Due to Bangladesh’s in the subtropical monsoon climate, this country has heavy rainfall. In addition, the hot, humid climate makes Bangladesh a perfect procreation place for mosquito-borne diseases. Mosquito-transmitted diseases continue to contribute significantly to global mortality, with over 700 million people experiencing such diseases annually. Fortunately, Bangladesh has a great resource of essential oils containing aromatic plants, these are belonging to various families such as Meliaceae, Asteraceae, Lauraceae, Rutaceae, Apiaceae, Poaceae, Zingiberaceae, Leguminosae Myrtaceae, Lamiaceae, Myristicaceae, Ranunculaceae, Piperaceae, Cupressaceae. The major goal of this review is to examine the essential oils of aromatic plants grown in Bangladesh that have been shown to have repellent, larvicidal, and adulticidal activity against various species of mosquitoes. Methods Several keywords were searched to collect data about medicinal plants with mosquito-repellent and larvicidal properties and their phytochemical constituents from August 2019 to June 2024. Results This review revealed that identifying compounds in essential oils responsible for repellent, larvicidal, and adulticidal activity mostly relied on gas chromatography (GC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS). The most common groups of compounds are monoterpenes, diterpenes, isoprenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. According to WHO guidelines, the human bait technique and Technique and technique have been extensively used for testing repellency, while the rabbit bait technique and excite repellency chamber test are less commonly used. In addition, Laboratory larvicidal test is most widely used for Larvicidal bioassay. Recorded potency was counted mainly as LC50 (Lethal Concentration), LD50 (Lethal Dose), Kd (Knockdown Time), KC50 (Knockdown Concentration), LT50 (Lethal Time), KT50 (Knockdown Time), percentage of protection, repellency time, percentage of mortality, etc. Conclusions It can be concluded that the chemical compounds contained in essential oils from aromatic plants in Bangladesh have the potential to be environmentally friendly repellents, larvicidal, and adulticidal activity in controlling and preventing various disease vectors such as Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex. The efficacy of their essential oils is possibly based on their chemical compositions in which major and/or minor compounds have the aforementioned activities.