The effect of Mahogany seeds extract (Swietenia mahagoni) on the quantity of macrophages in the Post-tooth extraction wound healing phase of Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Tooth extraction often cause tissue damage and wound. After tooth extraction, the wound healing process becomes a major concern because of many complications and makes patients feel the pain suffered. Lande et al. (2015) showed the prevalence of tooth extraction complications, including crown fracture (31.82%), root fracture (13.6%), dry socket (4%), swelling (2.27%), and bleeding (1.6%). Macrophages are a common inflammatory cell in wounds, and the local macrophage population shifts from pro-inflammatory (M1-like phenotypes) to anti-inflammatory (M2-like phenotypes), indicating to the start of the next healing phase. Various alternative materials can help the healing process of wounds, one of which is mahogany seeds. Flavonoids found in Mahagony seeds can influence cell function by boosting the synthesis of PDGF, VEGF, pro-inflammatory cytokines, activating monocytes, and raising the number of macrophages involved in the wound healing. Proving mahogany seed extract (Swietenia mahagoni) affects the number of macrophages in the wound healing process after extracting Wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus) teeth. 20 Wistar rats were divided into four groups there were one control group (K) performed tooth extraction without any treatment, and three treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) performed tooth extraction and topically induced with three different doses of mahogany seeds extract (50 mg/200g rbw, 100mg/200g rbw, 200mg/200g rbw) in the post-extraction socket. Wistar rats were sacrificed on the 3rd day. Observations were made by reading histologic preparations using Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) 400x light microscope magnification. The quantity of macrophages in each group differed significantly between 4 groups (p = 0.003), namely between K1 and P1 (p = 0.008), P1 and P3 (p = 0.001), P2 and P3 (p = 0.006). Mahogany seeds extract affects the wound healing process, with 50mg/200g rbw as the optimal dose