Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of total alkaloid extracts from the leaves and bark of Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae), a plant widely used in traditional Senegalese medicine

Anogeissus leiocarpus is a plant in the Combretaceae family. Its various parts are used in a wide range of fields, including ecology, economics and health. Bacteria are a real public health problem because of their involvement in many diseases. Their resistance to antibiotics has become one of the most important problems in the fight against infectious diseases worldwide. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of dichloromethane total alkaloid extracts from Anogeissus leiocarpus leaves and bark. Firstly, total alkaloids were extracted from the leaves and roots using the alkaline extraction method. The results showed a low extraction rate. They also showed that the leaves were richer in alkaloids than the barks. The total alkaloids were then revealed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) after spraying with Dragendorff's reagent, which gives orange-red spots characteristic of alkaloids. Finally, antibacterial tests of the total alkaloid extracts were carried out on two strains, Staphylococcus aureus "Gram +" and Escherichia coli "Gram -". The results of the antibacterial parameters such as MIC, CMB and PA showed that the extracts from the leaves and roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus had a bacteriostatic effect on the strains tested.