Antibacterial Activities of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus on the In vitro Growth of two Multiresistant Strains of Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Broilers Chickens

Poultry products have quickly become one of the most consumed sources of protein in the world. However, poultry farmers face enormous economic losses caused by the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria. In addition, the consumption of eggs and poultry meat also causes several infectious diseases within populations as well as poisonings and therefore a public health problem. Aims: The objective of our study was to evaluate in vitro the antibacterial properties of aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves of Anogeissus leiocarpus on two strains of multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium isolated from the faeces of broilers chickens. Methodology: The agar well method was used to test the susceptibility of bacterial strains while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the liquid dilution method. Results: On the two multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium germs, the aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus gave zones of inhibition diameter between 13-22 mm while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were ranged between 12.5 mg/ml  and 25 mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis of the extracts studied reveal the presence of several families of secondary metabolites including phenolic compounds, cardiac glycosides, saponins, alkaloids and then sterols and terpenes. However, these secondary metabolites are distributed differently within the aqueous and 70% hydroethanolic extracts. Conclusion: In view of the results obtained in the present work, this plant could be used as a phytomedicine to combat pathologies linked to Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens and as an antibacterial agent in food products that may harbor strains of Salmonella typhimurium.