Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms at +45 T>G and at +276 G>T of the Adiponectin Gene and Plasma Adiponectin Level in Myanmar Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases and poses a substantial burden on health care systems globally. There is compelling data that genetic susceptibility to T2DM is polygenic. Genome-wide association studies have identified almost 50 loci associated with T2DM risk. Adiponectin gene polymorphism may be a causal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at rs 2241766 (SNP+45 T>G) and at rs 1501299 (SNP+276 G>T) of adiponectin gene and plasma adiponectin level in Myanmar Type 2 Diabetic patients. Study Design:  It was a cross-sectional analytical study. Methodology: 100 Type 2 Diabetic patients and 104 non-diabetic subjects were included. Genotype frequencies were determined by PCR-RFLP method and plasma adiponectin level was measured by ELISA method. Results: Carrier groups (TG and GG genotypes of SNP+45) were more likely to develop T2DM risk than non-carrier groups (TT) [OR =1.8 (95% CI = 0.89-3.63, p = 0.09) and OR = 3.51 (95% CI = 1.07-11.54, p =0.04)] respectively. Carrier groups (GT and TT genotypes of SNP+276) were more likely to develop T2DM risk than non-carrier groups (GG) [OR =1.98 (95% CI =1.10-3.55, p = 0.02) and OR = 4.07 (95% CI =1.34-12.3, p = 0.01)] respectively. Therefore, G allele of SNP+45 was found to statistically increase T2DM risk than T allele and T allele of SNP+276 was found to statistically increase T2DM risk than G allele. Mean plasma adiponectin level (27.41±16.7µg/ml) of T2DM patients was significantly lower than that of non-diabetic subjects (37.19±26.77 µg/ml), (p =0.002). Mean plasma adiponectin levels of carrier groups (TG and GG of SNP+45) were significantly lower than that of non-carrier groups (TT). Mean plasma adiponectin levels of carrier groups (GT and TT of SNP+276) were significantly lower than that of non-carrier groups (GG). Conclusion: SNP+45 T>G and +276 G>T of adiponectin gene are significantly associated with low plasma adiponectin level and type 2 diabetes mellitus in this study groups of Myanmar population.