THE CLASSICISM IN OF SACRED SPACE FORMATION

The classicism of the first decade of the 20th century was analyzed as a result of a negative assessment of the situation in the culture of the late 19th century. The opinions of such cultural theorists as Max Nordau or Richard Hamann, who represent extreme individualism and isolation of art from moral and social tasks, are manifestations of degeneration and decline, leading society to madness and collapse. The features characteristic of the culture of the end of the century (fin de siècle) are presented. The architecture of sacred structures built on the principle of classical architecture is considered. It is determined that the objects created by Jozsef Plečnik, Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz, which carried super-individual, inhuman forms of industrial classicism, could seem terrible, but in this case they were associated with the features of a single reliable support of the human community. A look at the mysterious nature of the connection of people in society is presented - close to the types of connections connecting religious communities, as well as the concept of architecture as a bridge between heaven and earth, which changed the approach to the building as an exclusively material object. The forms of individual sacred structures and the ways of organizing their interiors are analyzed, which made it possible to conclude that the ideas of classicism of the unity of the surrounding landscape, the tendency to use local materials, but also a more general, philosophical attitude, allowing us to consider architecture as an element that connects the forces of space with human life. The use of the metaphorical language of architecture based on visual human products and their iconographic distinctive features is considered. The need to take into account the relationship between certain forms and messages through which they are transmitted in the formation of sacred space is revealed. The tendencies of shaping the sacred space in the 20th century, the role of local traditions and natural materials, organic architecture are revealed.