<b>Bridging the Gap: Evaluating Radiation Protection Awareness in Pakistan’s Future Dentists</b>

Background: Dental radiography is an essential diagnostic tool, but improper radiation use poses significant risks to both patients and clinicians. In Pakistan, limited awareness and inconsistent adherence to radiation protection guidelines among dental students highlight the need for systematic evaluation. Radiation protection training is critical to ensure safe radiographic practice and compliance with global standards. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of radiation protection awareness and adherence to safety protocols among undergraduate dental students in Pakistan, bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical practice. Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 110 BDS students from multiple dental institutions in Lahore. The validated questionnaire evaluated knowledge of radiation hazards, understanding of deterministic and stochastic effects, and compliance with protection measures such as ALARA, use of lead aprons, and operator positioning. Data were analyzed using SPSS v25, applying descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to examine associations across academic years. Results: Among participants, 91% recognized radiation hazards, yet only 52.6% demonstrated adequate compliance with safety practices. Knowledge improved significantly across academic years (p<0.05), with fourth-year students achieving the highest mean score (5.33±2.12). However, familiarity with international safety guidelines remained limited (33.6%). Conclusion: Although awareness of radiation hazards among Pakistani dental undergraduates is moderate to high, practical adherence to safety protocols remains insufficient. Integrating structured, hands-on radiation safety modules within dental curricula is essential to strengthen protection competency and safeguard public health.