Clinical effect and multi-factor analysis of "Siming Acupoints " massage in the treatment of myopia in children and adolescents

Abstract [Objective] To analyze the clinical efficacy of "Siming Acupoints" massage technique in the treatment of myopia in children and adolescents, and to explore the related factors influencing the therapeutic effect. [Methods] From January 2021 to January 2024, 257 cases of children and adolescents with true myopia and 475 eyes treated and followed up at the Pediatric Massage Center of Shandong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were included in this study. The clinical efficacy was analyzed by comparing the observation indicators before and after the intervention. The occurrence of ineffective treatment was observed, and the related factors of ineffective treatment were explored by using univariate comparison and multivariate logistic regression analysis. [Results] Clinical efficacy: The effective rate of 257 children and 475 eyes was 93.05%; the effective rate of 374 eyes in the low myopia group was 98.13%; the effective rate of 76 eyes in the moderate myopia group was 81.58%; the effective rate of 25 eyes in the high myopia group was 52.00%. The score of visual fatigue symptoms after the intervention was significantly lower than that before the intervention (P < 0.001); the naked eye vision after the intervention was significantly higher than that before the intervention (P < 0.001); NRA and PRA after the intervention were significantly enhanced compared with NRA and PRA before the intervention (all P < 0.001). Risk factor analysis of ineffectiveness: There were 33 eyes in the ineffective group and 442 eyes in the effective group. The proportion of patients with a history of sweet tooth in the ineffective group was significantly higher than that in the effective group (P = 0.020); the course of disease in the ineffective group was significantly longer than that in the effective group (P = 0.001); and there were also significant differences in the degree of myopia between the two groups, with the proportion of high myopia in the ineffective group significantly higher than that in the effective group (P < 0.001); the spherical equivalent, equivalent spherical power and cylindrical power in the ineffective group were all significantly higher than those in the effective group (all P < 0.001); the axial length of the eye in the ineffective group was significantly longer than that in the effective group (P = 0.005); the naked eye vision before treatment and the corrected naked eye vision at the first treatment in the ineffective group were both worse than those in the effective group (both P < 0.001); the proportion of patients with outdoor activities < 2 hours/day and the proportion of patients with night sleep time < 7 hours/day in the ineffective group were significantly higher than those in the effective group (P = 0.022, P = 0.012). Binary multivariate logistic regression showed that combined outdoor activities < 2 hours/day (OR = 8.270, P < 0.001), equivalent spherical power (OR = 2.724, P = 0.005), and night sleep time < 7 hours/day (OR = 2.507, P = 0.014) were the risk factors for ineffective treatment of true myopia in children and adolescents with "Siming Acupoints" massage technique. The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve for outdoor activities < 2 hours/day was 0.603; the area under the curve for equivalent spherical power was 0.678; the area under the curve for night sleep time < 7 hours/day was 0.667. [Conclusion] The "Siming Acupoints" massage technique may be able to improve the naked eye vision of patients, improve NRA, PRA and visual fatigue symptoms, and control the growth of axial length and equivalent spherical power. Outdoor activities < 2 hours/day, equivalent spherical power, and night sleep time are the risk factors for ineffective treatment of myopia in children and adolescents with "Siming Point" massage technique.