Development of a small-scale 3D concrete printer

The development of a small-scale 3D concrete printer addresses abstract — The high cost and impracticality of large-scale systems for research use. Measuring 700 mm × 450 mm × 500 mm, this lab-scale printer provides a reasonably priced and easily available solution for running tests on several concrete compositions and printing settings. Three basic parts define the printer: a control unit, an extrusion system, and a linear motion system. Whereas the screw-driven extrusion system guarantees a constant flow of concrete, the linear motion system helps movement along X and Z axes. Under the control of Arduino microcontrollers, the control unit synchronizes various systems for exact running. The manufacturing method consisted of building a sturdy frame from mild steel, building a hopper from high-density polyethylene, and assembling the screw-driven extruder. Carefully chosen to maximize performance were key electronic components like switches, motor drivers, and DC motors. Calibration and testing run confirmed the printer’s operation. Although the system only prints along X and Z axes with a maximum length of 600 mm and height of 300 mm, it offers a reasonably priced platform for research allowing tests on shrinkage and distortion of printed concrete. This advancement shows a stride towards more easily available 3D printing technology for educational and scientific establishments.