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Lactococcus
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Abstract
Lac.to.coc'cus. L. n.
lac
milk, L. gen. n.
lactis
of milk, Gr. n.
coccus
(
kokkos
) a grain or berry; N.L. masc. n.
Lactococcus
milk coccus
Spheres or ovoid cells occur singly, in pairs, or in chains, and are often elongated in the direction of the chain. Gram‐stain‐positive. Endospores are not formed. Nonmotile. Not β‐hemolytic. Facultatively anaerobic; catalase‐negative. Growth at 10°C but not at 45°C. Usually grows in 4% (w/v) NaCl with the exception of
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
cremoris
which only tolerates 2% (w/v) NaCl. Chemo‐organotroph. Metabolism fermentative. The predominant end product of glucose fermentation is
L
(+)‐lactic acid. May contain menaquinones. Most strains react with group N antisera (Lancefield, 1 9 3 3). Nutritional requirements are complex and variable. The peptidoglycan is of group A with
L
‐lysine as diamino acid in position 3 of the peptide subunit. Typical inhabitants of plants, animals, and their products.
DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 34–43 (
T
m
).
Type species
:
Lactococcus lactis
(Lister 1 8 7 3) Schleifer, Kraus, Dvorak, Kilpper‐Bälz, Collins and Fischer 1 9 8 6, 354
VP
(Effective publication:
Lactococcus lactis
Schleifer, Kraus, Dvorak, Kilpper‐Bälz, Collins and Fischer 1 9 8 5, 189.) (
Bacterium lactis
Lister 1 8 7 3, 408;
Streptococcus lactis
Löhnis 1 9 0 9, 554.)
Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes
According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus
Lactococcus
is: correct name (last update, February 2025)
*
.
LPSN classification:
Bacteria
/
Bacillati
/
Bacillota
/
Bacilli
/
Lactobacillales
/
Streptococcaceae
/
Lactococcus
The genus
Lactococcus
can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as
g__Lactococcus
(version v220)
**
.
GTDB classification:
d__Bacteria
/
p__Bacillota
/
c__Bacilli
/
o__Lactobacillales
/
f__Streptococcaceae
/
g__Lactococcus
*
Meier‐Kolthoff
et al. (
2022
).
Nucleic Acids Res
,
50
,
D801
–
D807
; DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkab902
**
Parks
et al. (
2022
).
Nucleic Acids Res
,
50
,
D785
–
D794
; DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkab776
Title: Lactococcus
Description:
Abstract
Lac.
to.
coc'cus.
L.
n.
lac
milk, L.
gen.
n.
lactis
of milk, Gr.
n.
coccus
(
kokkos
) a grain or berry; N.
L.
masc.
n.
Lactococcus
milk coccus
Spheres or ovoid cells occur singly, in pairs, or in chains, and are often elongated in the direction of the chain.
Gram‐stain‐positive.
Endospores are not formed.
Nonmotile.
Not β‐hemolytic.
Facultatively anaerobic; catalase‐negative.
Growth at 10°C but not at 45°C.
Usually grows in 4% (w/v) NaCl with the exception of
Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
cremoris
which only tolerates 2% (w/v) NaCl.
Chemo‐organotroph.
Metabolism fermentative.
The predominant end product of glucose fermentation is
L
(+)‐lactic acid.
May contain menaquinones.
Most strains react with group N antisera (Lancefield, 1 9 3 3).
Nutritional requirements are complex and variable.
The peptidoglycan is of group A with
L
‐lysine as diamino acid in position 3 of the peptide subunit.
Typical inhabitants of plants, animals, and their products.
DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 34–43 (
T
m
).
Type species
:
Lactococcus lactis
(Lister 1 8 7 3) Schleifer, Kraus, Dvorak, Kilpper‐Bälz, Collins and Fischer 1 9 8 6, 354
VP
(Effective publication:
Lactococcus lactis
Schleifer, Kraus, Dvorak, Kilpper‐Bälz, Collins and Fischer 1 9 8 5, 189.
) (
Bacterium lactis
Lister 1 8 7 3, 408;
Streptococcus lactis
Löhnis 1 9 0 9, 554.
)
Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes
According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus
Lactococcus
is: correct name (last update, February 2025)
*
.
LPSN classification:
Bacteria
/
Bacillati
/
Bacillota
/
Bacilli
/
Lactobacillales
/
Streptococcaceae
/
Lactococcus
The genus
Lactococcus
can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as
g__Lactococcus
(version v220)
**
.
GTDB classification:
d__Bacteria
/
p__Bacillota
/
c__Bacilli
/
o__Lactobacillales
/
f__Streptococcaceae
/
g__Lactococcus
*
Meier‐Kolthoff
et al.
(
2022
).
Nucleic Acids Res
,
50
,
D801
–
D807
; DOI:
10.
1093/nar/gkab902
**
Parks
et al.
(
2022
).
Nucleic Acids Res
,
50
,
D785
–
D794
; DOI:
10.
1093/nar/gkab776.
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