Effective Reduction of Graphene Oxide via Lactococcus lactis

In this study, bacteria Lactococcus lactis was employed as a bioreducing agent for ecofriendly and economical production of reduced graphene oxide at room temperature. Characterizations have showed that highly reduced graphene oxide was produced in mild conditions and layers have low number of wrinkles. Exfoliation by Lactococcus lactis has been succeeded to produce single or few layer reduced graphene oxide. Decrease in ratio of ID/IG from 2.15 to 0.97 calculated from Raman spectrum, decrease and/or disappearance of characteristic peaks of oxygen functional groups from FTIR, and changes observed in 2theta characteristic peak values at XRD spectrum have confirmed the reduction success of Lactococcus lactis. These results have indicated that Lactococcus lactis biomass could be employed as a new reductant to prevent the use of harmful chemicals and harsh conditions for reduced graphene oxide generation having high stability.