Classification of color features in butterflies using the Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Research in digital images is expanding widely and includes several sectors. One sector currently being carried out research is in insects; specifically, butterflies are used as a dataset. A total of 890 types of butterflies divided into ten classes were used as a dataset and classified based on color. Ten types of butterflies include Danaus plexippus, Heliconius charitonius, Heliconius erato, Junonia coenia, Lycaena phlaeas, Nymphalis antiopa, Papilio cresphontes, Pieris rapae, Vanessa atalanta, Vanessa cardui. The process of extracting color features on butterfly wings uses the RGB method to become HSV color space with color quantization (CQ). The purpose of adding CQ is that the computation process is carried out faster without reducing the image's information. In the color feature extraction process, the image is converted into 3-pixel sizes and normalized. The process of normalizing the dataset has the aim that the value ranges in the dataset have the same value. The 890 butterfly dataset was classified using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. Based on this research process, the accuracy of the 256x160 pixel size is 72%, the 420x315 pixel is 75%, and the 768x576 pixel is 75%. The test results on a system with a 768x576 pixel get the highest results with a precision value of 74.6%, a recall of 72%, and an f-measure of 73.2% Keywords—image processing; classification; butterflies; color features; features extraction