Crescimento de feijoeiro sob influência de carvão vegetal e esterco bovino

<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR">É indiscutível a importância e a necessidade de adubos orgânicos, tanto na produtividade como na qualidade dos produtos obtidos, especialmente em solos com baixo teor de matéria orgânica. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar variáveis de crescimento do feijoeiro (</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span>Phaseolus vulgaris </span></em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR">L.) sob influência d</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>e</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR">c</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>arvão vegetal e esterco bovino. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, utilizando o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro doses de carvão vegetal 0; 8; 16 e 32 t. ha</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;">^{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>-1</span></span></span></span>}</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, com e sem esterco bovino (8 t.ha</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;">^{<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>-1</span></span></span></span>}</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>). Utilizaram-se vasos de PVC com capacidade de 3 litros, preenchidos com 3 kg de solo. Na semeadura utiliz</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>aram</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>-se cinco sementes em cada vaso, e após três semanas foi realizado o raleio, deixando apenas uma planta por vaso, considerando a mais vigorosa. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: altura d</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>as</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span> plantas, diâmetro do caule, largura e comprimento d</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>as</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span> folhas, número de nódulos por planta, massa da matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea.</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span> A aplicação de carvão vegetal associado ao esterco bovino influ</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>e</span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>ncia positivamente as variáveis de crescimento do </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, assim como o número de nódulos. A presença do esterco bovino condiciona melhor o ambiente para o crescimento do </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><em>P. vulgaris</em></span></span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span><strong><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>Termos para indexação</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>: </span></span></span></span></strong><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>a</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>dubação orgânica, </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>n</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>úmero de nódulos, </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>n</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #00000a;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>utrientes</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p lang="en-US" align="center"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><strong>Bean growth under the influence of charcoal and bovine manure</strong></span></span></p><p lang="en-US" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>It </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>is indisputable</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>the importance and necessity</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>of organic fertilizers</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, both </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>in productivity</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>and in the quality</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>of the obtained products</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, especially </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>in soils with</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>low</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>organic matter content</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>The</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>objective of this experiment</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>was to evaluate</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>growth variables</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>of common bean (</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span>Phaseolus </span></em></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span>vulgaris</span></em></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>L.</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>) </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>under the influence of</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>charcoal</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>The experiment was conducted</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>in a protected environment</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>utilizing</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>a completely randomized design</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>with four</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>doses of</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>charcoal</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>0,</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>8</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, 16 and </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>32 t</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>. </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>ha</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;">^{<span lang="pt-BR"><span>-</span></span>}</span><span style="color: #000000;">^{<span lang="pt-BR"><span>1</span></span>}</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>with and without</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>bovine manure</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>(</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>8 </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>t ha</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;">^{<span lang="pt-BR"><span>-</span></span>}</span><span style="color: #000000;">^{<span lang="pt-BR"><span>1</span></span>}</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>). </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>Pots were used</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>PVC</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>capacity of 3</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>dm</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;">^{<span lang="pt-BR"><span>-</span></span>}</span><span style="color: #000000;">^{<span lang="pt-BR"><span>3</span></span>}</span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>filled in with</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>3 kg of</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>soil.</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>At seeding</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>was used</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>five seeds</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>per pot</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>and after three weeks</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>was carried</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>thinning</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>leaving only</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>one plant per pot</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>by considering the</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>more vigorously.</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>The following variables</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>were</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>evaluated</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>: </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>plant height</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>stem diameter</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>leaf length and</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>width</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>number of</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>nodules</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>per plant</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>, </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>mass of fresh matter</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>and</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>shoot dry</span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span>. The application of charcoal associated with bovine manure positively influence the growth of </span></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span lang="pt-BR"><em><span>Phaseolus vulgaris.</span></em></span></span></span></span></p><p lang="en-US" align="left"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span><strong><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="pt-BR"><span>Index terms</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span>: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span>o</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="en">rganic fertilizers,</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="en">n</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="en">umber of</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="en">nodules</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="en">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="en">n</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><span><span lang="en">utrients</span></span></span></span></span></p>