TRANSPORTASI BECAK DI KOTA MEDAN (1950-1990)

Abstrak: Penelitian dengan judul “Transportasi Becak di Kota Medan (1950-1990).” Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan latar belakang masuknya becak di Kota Medan, kemudian menjelaskan perkembangan becak di kota Medan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode Heuristik dengan empat tahapan, (1) Heuristik, atau mengumpulkan sumber, (2) Kritik sumber, yaitu kritik eksternal dan internal, (3) Interpretasi, penafsiran sumber dan (4) Histiografi, penulisan sejarah secara eksplanasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beragamnya jenis becak di Medan sejalan dengan kehidupan masyarakat. Becak berdasarkan bentuknya di bedakan menjadi empat; bentuk pertama ialah angkong yang ditarik dengan tenaga manusia, kemudian berganti menjadi becak dayung, kemudian muncul becak brompit dan terakhir ialah becak bermotor. Angkong dalam penelitian ini dianggap sejenis dengan becak dan menjadi transportasi pertama yang dihapuskan pada tahun 1927 secara perlahan sampai benar-benar hilang tahun 1935, karena tidak sesuai lagi dengan perkembangan zaman sehingga diganti dengan becak dayung. Becak dayung berkembang dimulai tahun 1950 menggantikan angkong. Kehadiran becak dayung masih dapat diaraskan hingga skarang. Kemudian becak berompit tahun 1970 keluaran Jerman, (terbagi 3, brompit Rex, Sax, Dkw) menjadi sebuah becak modern dengan mesin, dan terakhir becak bermotor tahun 1990 keluaran Jepang sebagai becak tercanggih yang mampu mengalahkan ke tiga jenis becak sebelumnya. Abstract:  A research titled “Pedicab Transportation in Medan City (1950- 1990).” This research aims to explain the background of the entry of Pedicab into Medan City, then to explain the development of Pedicab in Medan City. The research method which is applied is Heuristic method with four steps, (1) Heuristic, or source collecting, (2) Source Critic, namely external and internal critic, (3) Interpretation, source interpretation and (4) Historiography, history writing in a form of explanation. Result of the research shows that the variety of Pedicab in Medan City gets along with the life of the people. Pedicab in accordance with its kind is differentiated into four: the first is Angkong which is pulled by human strength, then it’s changed into a Becak Dayung (a Pedicab with cycling-pedal), then Brompit Pedicab appears and the last one is a Becak Bermotor (a motor-driven Pedicab). Angkong in this research is considered to be the same as Pedicab and it was the first transportation removed on 1927 gradually until it was completely gone on 1935, because it was not relevant to the development of the age and so it was changed into a Becak Dayung (a Pedicab with cycling-pedal). Becak Dayung has been evolved starting from 1950 replacing Angkong. The presence of Becak Dayung is still able to be experienced until now. Then, Brompit Pedicab on 1970 produced by Germany (divided into three, Brompit Rex, Sax, Dkw) became a modern Pedicab with machine, and the last one is Becak Bermotor (motor-driven Pedicab) on 1990 produced by Japan as the most sophisticated Pedicab which is able to exceed the previous three kinds of Pedicab.