The influence of technological factors on the extraction of biologically active substances from a package (sachet) containing black alder and grey alder leaves

The aim –To study the influence of various technological factors on the extraction of biologically active substances (BAS) from sachet-packed plant material powders. Materials and Methods. The BAS content in extracts from sachets containing black alder (NA) and gray alder (GA) leaf powders was assessed depending on the infusion time and temperature, raw material:extractant ratio (g:ml), and primary packaging material, according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus, Volume 2, "Black Alder Leaves" and "Gray Alder Leaves." Spectrophotometric determination was performed on a Solar PB 2201 spectrophotometer, and quantitative HPLC analysis was performed on a Dionex UltiMate 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) equipped with a diode array detector and Chromeleon 7 software. Results. Infusion in a thermos (60-70°C) provides a higher yield of BAS compared to infusion at room temperature (20-22°C) over the same time interval. When determining the optimal infusion time, an increase in the content of substances in the extracts was observed up to 30 minutes of infusion, while no statistically significant changes occurred from 30 to 60 minutes. Infusion of one sachet (1.2 g) with 50 ml of water ensures maximum extraction of BAS; increasing the extractant volume to 100 ml leads to a decrease in the BAS content in 1 ml of extract by approximately 2 times. The content of phytosulfuric acid, ellagic acid, and hyperoside in extracts of OS and OC leaves obtained by infusion of filter bags with a density of 23 g/m2 for 30 minutes in a thermos is statistically not different from extracts from nylon bags, filter bags with a density of 11 g/m2, and 21 g/m2. Conclusions. Technological methods have been established that ensure maximum extraction of BAS from powdered leaves of the NA and GA, packaged in sachets made of filter paper and nylon: infusing one sachet (1.2 g) with 50 ml of hot water in a thermos (60-70°C) for 30 minutes. Filter paper of varying densities (11 g/m2, 21 g/m2, 23 g/m2) as well as nylon can be used to produce dosed sachets.