Retrospective analysis of tuberculosis incidence in Kazakhstan for 2000-2023

Tuberculosis continues to be one of the most pressing global health issues and the leading cause of death. In 2023, the World Health Organization reported 10.6 million cases globally, emphasizing the persistent burden of tuberculosis. The World Health Organization strategy aims for a 95% reduction in tuberculosis deaths and a 90% reduction in cases by 2035. However, the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment worldwide. Despite following the protocols of the National Tuberculosis Program for detection and treatment of tuberculosis, WHO recommendations, Kazakhstan continues to have one of the highest rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the world.In our research, we analyzed the tuberculosis incidence in Kazakhstan over a 24-year period, including the regional specifics of disease.Methods. The study is retrospective - the period under study was 24 years (2000-2023). The material for the study was data on tuberculosis incidence by region, urban and rural areas. Descriptive and analytical methods of epidemiology were used.Results. According to national statistics data for 2000-2023, more than 357 thousands of patients with a newly diagnosed tuberculosis were identified in Kazakhstan. During the study period Kazakhstan experienced a significant decline of disease. The total tuberculosis incidence rate per 100.000 population fell from 153.2 to 34.7 (92.9±9.8%) (95% CI=73.6-112.1). Significant regional variations were observed across the country. In 2000 the highest levels of tuberculosis incidence per 100,000 population were noted in Kyzylorda (303.3), Mangystau (259.0), Aktobe (231.6) and Pavlodar (201.1) regions. The lowest rate were in Almaty city (72.8). In 2023 the lowest rate per 100.000 population were also found in Almaty city (19.8), the highest tuberculosis rate experienced Kyzylorda (42.5), Atyrau (42.1) regions. Conclusion. Kazakhstan has made significant progress in reducing the incidence of tuberculosis. However, the continued prevalence of tuberculosis in the country and persistent regional disparities highlight the need for comprehensive and sustainable measures, especially in areas with high rates of the disease.Keywords: tuberculosis, incidence rate, Kazakhstan, regional differences.