Biological and agroecological pest control (e.g., Metarhizium anisopliae, augmentorium use)

The intensification of agriculture has led to increased reliance on chemical pesticides, raising concerns about environmental degradation, pest resistance, and human health. In response, this study explores the efficacy and integration of two biological and agroecological pest control methods-Metarhizium anisopliae, an entomopathogenic fungus, and the augmentorium, a physical containment structure designed to recycle natural enemies while preventing pest escape. Through a mixed-methods approach involving field trials, laboratory assays, and farmer interviews across three agroecological zones in Southeast Asia, we assess the viability of these interventions as components of sustainable pest management strategies. Results indicate that M. anisopliae achieved a 60-75% reduction in target pest populations (notably Spodoptera frugiperda and Bactrocera dorsalis), while augmentoria retained over 80% of parasitoids and predators introduced to control fruit fly populations. Farmers reported increased yields and reduced pesticide use, though challenges related to initial setup costs and limited technical knowledge were noted. The findings support a synergistic approach that combines biological agents with agroecological infrastructure, offering a resilient alternative to chemical-intensive pest control. Policy implications highlight the need for training, extension services, and support for locally adapted biocontrol innovation. Methodology Research Design This study employed a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative field trials and laboratory experiments with qualitative interviews and participatory observation. This approach enabled both the empirical measurement of pest suppression outcomes and an understanding of