Metarhizium anisopliae: Unlocking green solutions for sustainable pest management

Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.), a naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus, has emerged as a promising green bioinsecticide with significant potential for sustainable pest management. This review explores the multifaceted capabilities of M. anisopliae, highlighting its mechanisms of action, efficacy against diverse agricultural pests and advantages over conventional chemical insecticides. M. anisopliae infects insects through direct contact, penetrating the cuticle and proliferating within the host, leading to eventual death. This biocontrol agent demonstrates high specificity, targeting a wide range of insect pests while being safe for non-target organisms, including beneficial insects, humans and the environment. Additionally, the adaptability of M. anisopliae to various environmental conditions and its synergistic potential when integrated with other biological control agents and sustainable agricultural practices are examined. Its potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture by reducing reliance on chemical inputs, preserving biodiversity and mitigating the adverse effects of pesticide residues underscores the importance of further research and development in this field. This review underscores the need for continued exploration and innovation to fully harness the benefits of M. anisopliae in modern pest management systems.