Influence of surface texture on the cleanability of 3D-printed stainless-steel components

Abstract Metallic 3D printing holds immense potential, yet its application in the food and pharmaceutical sectors is hampered by surface roughness that exceeds hygienic standards. This study investigates the effect of post-processing methods and macrostructures on surface properties, soiling behavior and cleanability of 3D-printed components for hygienic purposes. All investigated post-processing methods effectively reduce surface roughness. Soiling behavior analysis shows reduced initial surface soil coverage, particularly with lower average surface roughness and the introduction of protrusions. Cleaning tests demonstrate significantly reduced macroscopic cleaning time and microbial contamination, particularly with abrasive flow machining and protrusion incorporation. However, residual microbial contamination remains higher in 3D-printed components than in conventionally manufactured pipes. Combining post-processing with macro-structuring further improves microbial cleanability, reaching levels comparable to conventionally manufactured pipes. These results highlight the efficacy of post-processing methods and macrostructure incorporation in enhancing cleaning efficiency in 3D-printed components for hygienic applications.