Genetic variations of Thai native fowls Gallus gallus domesticus based on microsatellite DNA

Morphometric analysis of tarso-metatarsus length, beak length, head length and wing length of Thai Native Fowls Gallus gallus domesticus 15 individuals per variety and 10 individuals of Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus gallus are significant differences (P<0.05). Genetic variations between subspecies of 4 varieties of Thai Native Fowls G.g. domesticus, and Red Jungle Fowl G.g. gallus were analyzed by using 4 chicken microsatellite loci are 25 individual per varieties. Genomic DNA was extracted from bloodstain and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplification products of 4 microsatellite genotyping at MCW240, ADL23, LEI73 and MCW87 the original from loci have total alleles number at each locus were 13, 12, 11 and 6, respectively. Mean of observed heterozygosity (HO) of Bantam, Red Jungle Fowl, Praduhangdam Fighting Cock, Betong Chicken and Luenghangkhoa Fighting Cock were 0.76, 0.73, 0.72, 0.72 and 0.66 respectively. The analysis of mean ofexpected heterzygosity (HE) was not different between varieties. All populations of Thai Native Fowls and Red Jungle Fowl were test for Hardy-Weinberg assumption. It is found that only Luenghangkhoa Fighting Cock at MCW240 locus deviated from this assumption. Luenghangkhoa Fighting Cock found an unique allele that has trend to use for allele specific of this population. Genetic differentiation among four varieties of Thai Native Fowl was higher than genetic differentiation between subspecies. Genetic distance was analyzed by Cavalli-Sforza method. It found that Bantam-Red Jungle Fowl genetic distance was lowest, and Praduhangdam Fighting Cock-Betong Chicken genetic distance was highest