Les institutions « hors codes » de Koryŏ (918-1392). Le bouddhisme et la construction de l'État dans la Corée médiévale

Yannick Bruneton « Out of the Code » institutions in Koryŏ (918-1392) Buddhism and State building process in medieval Korea During the Wang's Dynasty of Koryò (918-1392), the State and the buddhist schools constructed one another through an interplay of influences. This phenomenon consisted in adjusting the original model of institutions inspired by the Chinese Tang Dynasty (618-907) administration to the Koryò's State needs. Close relationship between State and Buddhism produced a lot of institutions « out of the (Tang's) Code », mainly represented by the « temporary council » togam. Such adjusting institutions were a concrete application of the so-called « State-protector » Buddhism, by supporting a rich and complex buddhist liturgy involved in the cult of the Dynasty. The « togam councils » made the State management more flexible and effective, and were largely used for making economical and political reforms. The institutions « out of the Tang's Code » made easier the economical exchanges, and the spreading of « capitalist » practices, contributing to the economical prosperity. Thus, monastical modes of self-organization, partly inherited from the Great Silla (668-935), influenced the Koryò's State building process. However, official History, old and recent, is reporting such facts only in a laconic way, this posing serious problems for the historiography related to « medieval » times in Korea.