Application of Lapidary Technology for Sustainable Gemstone Resource Development in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a landlocked federal republic located in eastern Africa. Over the past decade, its economy has experienced significant growth, with GDP expanding at an average rate of 10.8% per year. While coffee and gold remain the principal exports, the country also hosts diverse mineral resources, including more than 40 varieties of colored gemstones such as emerald, tourmaline, opal, aquamarine, jasper, agate, chrysoprase, peridot, and amethyst. Gemstone mining is predominantly artisanal small-scale (ASM) and currently produces rough stones due to limited lapidary technology and skilled labor. This has restricted value addition within the country. The central objective of this manuscript is to examine the importance of lapidary technology, identify investment opportunities, and facilitate entrepreneur engagement for sustainable gemstone wealth. It aims to provide potential investors with a general understanding of the business to support critical investment decisions. The study outlines Ethiopia’s gemstone resources and describes lapidary techniques for creating jewelry and decorative items using new technology. Commercialization, mining-area preservation, and mine life sustainability are highlighted as key factors alongside economic and social impacts of a developing lapidary sector. This paper reviews the historical development of the lapidary industry in Ethiopia, assesses the challenges hindering growth, and presents guidance on obtaining legal licenses to start lapidary operations and to import gemstone-cutting and polishing machinery duty-free from abroad.