Development and ın vitro characterization of embelin bilosomes for enhanced oral bioavailability

The goal of this study was to formulate a nanotechnology-based system incorporating surfactants, cholesterol (CHL), and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and optimization was done using central composite design of design-expert® software. The variables used were X1 (Surfactant; Span 80) and X2 (Bile salt; SDC). In vitro, release kinetics assessment of the drug revealed an increase in drug release of the drug. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) exhibited a round shape of developed bilosomes with few having rough surfaces. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) data exhibited no specific physiochemical interaction between active and additives. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed the molecular state and the indication of no interactions among the formulation ingredients. The mean vesicle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (%) of optimized bilosome formulation were observed to be 211.1 nm, 0.513, 47.8 mV, and 99.664 % respectively. Overall, the obtained results confirmed that Embelin-loaded bilosome could be promising for oral drug delivery.