Comparative Analysis of Talent Cultivation Systems for Civil Engineering Majors in Higher and Vocational Colleges Based on Mathematical Models

This paper aims to explore the logical relationship between talent cultivation objectives and curriculum system differences under the integrated cultivation system of higher vocational education and vocational schools, based on mathematical models. By comparing the talent cultivation standards and curriculum standards of civil engineering majors in vocational and higher vocational colleges in Chongqing, it is found that while both emphasize the cultivation of technically skilled talents, higher vocational colleges place more emphasis on developing high-quality technical skilled talents with strong sustainable development ability and industry adaptability. In terms of career orientation, both vocational and higher vocational colleges set corresponding vocational qualification certificates as development goals, but adjustments must be made in practice according to the characteristics of the profession and market demand. Vocational colleges focus more on the proficiency of basic skills, while higher vocational colleges add courses that align with industry development trends and the need for higher-level engineering personnel, such as modular construction, 3D scanning, and digital construction technologies, reflecting the different levels of educational objectives and focuses. Moreover, the teaching content of core courses also shows hierarchical differences, with higher vocational colleges expanding both depth and breadth to meet the needs of more advanced career development.