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4. The flipside of infinity

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‘The flipside of infinity’ examines a logical counterpart of the infinite: infinitesimals. These are quantities that are infinitely small, instead of infinitely large. Historically, such quantities formed the basis of calculus, one of the most useful branches of mathematics ever invented. However, they caused considerable head-scratching, starting an argument that took about two centuries to resolve. This was achieved using a version of Aristotle’s potential infinity—namely, potential infinitesimality. Exhaustion is also explained, along with the modern concept of a limit, which abolished infinitesimals. Then it considers how infinitesimals were reinstated and outlines non-standard analysis, which provides a logical framework for infinitesimals.
Title: 4. The flipside of infinity
Description:
‘The flipside of infinity’ examines a logical counterpart of the infinite: infinitesimals.
These are quantities that are infinitely small, instead of infinitely large.
Historically, such quantities formed the basis of calculus, one of the most useful branches of mathematics ever invented.
However, they caused considerable head-scratching, starting an argument that took about two centuries to resolve.
This was achieved using a version of Aristotle’s potential infinity—namely, potential infinitesimality.
Exhaustion is also explained, along with the modern concept of a limit, which abolished infinitesimals.
Then it considers how infinitesimals were reinstated and outlines non-standard analysis, which provides a logical framework for infinitesimals.

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