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Avahattha Language and Vidyapati

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The stage in the development of the Eastern Indian languages known as Avahattha has its ancient form in Apabhramsha. In the context of Apabhramsha, Patanjali’s statement in the Mahabhashya Paspashahnika — “na mlecchitavai na apabhashitanai, mleccho dr̥ vā eṣa yadapashabdaḥ, mlecchā mā bhūm ityadhyeyaṁ vyākaraṇam” — which was later repeated by Kumarila Bhatta in his Tantravartika, suggests that the study of grammar is necessary to avoid the use of mleccha (impure) language. By the time of Patanjali (around 150 BCE), the use of the terms apabhrashta (corrupt or degenerated) for Indian Aryan languages had already begun. By the middle of the 3rd century CE, foreign-influenced languages had found refuge in India and became known as Apabhramsha as they gained recognition as vernacular languages. Over time, this language also spread into Mithila. The people of Mithila began to use it in their everyday speech. The great poet Vidyapati composed two works in Avahattha language: Kirtilata and Kirtipatāka. Abstract in Hindi Language: पूर्वी भारतीय भाषा के विकास की जो अवस्था अवहट्ट के नाम से प्रख्यात है उसका प्राचीन रूप अपभ्रष्ट है। अपभ्रष्ट के प्रसंग में पतंजलि के वाक्य “न म्लेच्छितवै नापभाषितनै, मलेच्छो दृ वा एष यदपशब्द:, मलेच्छा मा भूम इत्यध्येयं व्याकरणम् (महाभाष्य पस्पशाह्निक) जिसको कुमारिल भट्ट ने अपने तन्त्रवार्तिक मे दोहराया है।" इससे प्रतीत होता है कि मलेच्छ भाषा से बचने के लिए व्याकरण का अध्ययन आवश्यक है। पतंजलि के समय अर्थात् 150 ई. पूर्व में ही भारतीय आर्यभाषा मध्य अपभ्रष्ट या विकृत शब्द का प्रयोग प्रारंभ हो गया था। ईसा के तीसरे शताब्दी मध्य विदेशी भाषा भारतवर्ष मे आश्रित होकर जातिभाषा के रूप में प्रख्यात हुआ जिसे अपभ्रष्ट कहा गया। कालांतर में यह भाषा मिथिला में भी अपना पैर जमा लिया। बोलचाल की भाषा में मिथिलावासी इसका प्रयोग करने लगे। महाकवि विद्यापति ने अवहट्ट भाषा में ‘कीर्तिलता’ एवं ‘कीर्तिपताका’ दो पुस्तक की रचना किया। Keywords: अवभ्रष्ट, मलेच्छ, पतंजलि व्याकरण, विद्यापति, कीर्तिलता, पूर्वी भारतीय भाषा
Title: Avahattha Language and Vidyapati
Description:
The stage in the development of the Eastern Indian languages known as Avahattha has its ancient form in Apabhramsha.
In the context of Apabhramsha, Patanjali’s statement in the Mahabhashya Paspashahnika — “na mlecchitavai na apabhashitanai, mleccho dr̥ vā eṣa yadapashabdaḥ, mlecchā mā bhūm ityadhyeyaṁ vyākaraṇam” — which was later repeated by Kumarila Bhatta in his Tantravartika, suggests that the study of grammar is necessary to avoid the use of mleccha (impure) language.
By the time of Patanjali (around 150 BCE), the use of the terms apabhrashta (corrupt or degenerated) for Indian Aryan languages had already begun.
By the middle of the 3rd century CE, foreign-influenced languages had found refuge in India and became known as Apabhramsha as they gained recognition as vernacular languages.
Over time, this language also spread into Mithila.
The people of Mithila began to use it in their everyday speech.
The great poet Vidyapati composed two works in Avahattha language: Kirtilata and Kirtipatāka.
Abstract in Hindi Language: पूर्वी भारतीय भाषा के विकास की जो अवस्था अवहट्ट के नाम से प्रख्यात है उसका प्राचीन रूप अपभ्रष्ट है। अपभ्रष्ट के प्रसंग में पतंजलि के वाक्य “न म्लेच्छितवै नापभाषितनै, मलेच्छो दृ वा एष यदपशब्द:, मलेच्छा मा भूम इत्यध्येयं व्याकरणम् (महाभाष्य पस्पशाह्निक) जिसको कुमारिल भट्ट ने अपने तन्त्रवार्तिक मे दोहराया है।" इससे प्रतीत होता है कि मलेच्छ भाषा से बचने के लिए व्याकरण का अध्ययन आवश्यक है। पतंजलि के समय अर्थात् 150 ई.
पूर्व में ही भारतीय आर्यभाषा मध्य अपभ्रष्ट या विकृत शब्द का प्रयोग प्रारंभ हो गया था। ईसा के तीसरे शताब्दी मध्य विदेशी भाषा भारतवर्ष मे आश्रित होकर जातिभाषा के रूप में प्रख्यात हुआ जिसे अपभ्रष्ट कहा गया। कालांतर में यह भाषा मिथिला में भी अपना पैर जमा लिया। बोलचाल की भाषा में मिथिलावासी इसका प्रयोग करने लगे। महाकवि विद्यापति ने अवहट्ट भाषा में ‘कीर्तिलता’ एवं ‘कीर्तिपताका’ दो पुस्तक की रचना किया। Keywords: अवभ्रष्ट, मलेच्छ, पतंजलि व्याकरण, विद्यापति, कीर्तिलता, पूर्वी भारतीय भाषा.

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