Study of Geographical and Energy-Aware MANET Routing Protocols

Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) contains a set of mobile nodes with insecure infrastructure. When designing MANET, researchers focused on the routing process regardless of base stations and access points. The protocol designers and network developers face many challenges with MANET routing protocols due to MANET drawbacks such as dynamic topology, scalability, weak performance, routing difficulty and energy consumption. MANET routing protocols contain three categories: Reactive. (On-Demand), Proactive. (Table -Driven), and Hybrid. (Combine both proactive and reactive features). However, this primary classification hides other categories of MANET that play critical and essential roles nowadays. The protocols were enhanced to overcome the challenges of the existing MANET routing protocols. This paper is intended to provide a descriptive study of two forms of MANET-routing protocols called geographical and energy-aware routing protocols.