Developing a Green Human Resource Management framework to promote eco-behaviour among employees in manufacturing enterprises

Green human resource management (GHRM) has become an increasingly important strategic approach for aligning human resource systems with environmental sustainability goals. In manufacturing enterprises, where employees’ daily actions closely shape environmental outcomes, GHRM is particularly relevant because sustainability depends not only on technology and compliance systems but also on how employees behave, participate, and internalize environmental values. However, the existing literature still does not fully explain how specific GHRM practices are translated into employees’ eco-behaviour through broader organizational mechanisms, especially green organizational culture. In response, this study develops a conceptual framework to explain how GHRM can promote eco-behaviour among employees in manufacturing enterprises. Adopting a conceptual research design, the paper synthesizes prior studies on green human resource management, green organizational culture, employee eco-behaviour, and environmental commitment to construct an integrated theoretical model. The proposed framework identifies green pay and reward, green performance management and appraisal, and employee empowerment and participation as the core GHRM antecedents of green organizational culture. In turn, green organizational culture is proposed to foster proactive eco-behaviour, task-related eco-behaviour, and employee environmental commitment. The framework further suggests that both forms of eco-behaviour reinforce employee environmental commitment. The study contributes to the literature by clarifying the cultural and behavioural pathways through which GHRM may influence environmental outcomes at the employee level, while also providing a theoretical foundation for future empirical research in manufacturing contexts. Keywords: Green Human Resource Management, Green Organizational Culture, Eco-Behaviour, Environmental Commitment, Manufacturing Enterprises.