Study on Rapid Detection Model for Mechanical Properties of A356 Aluminum Alloy Wheels Based on Ultrasonic Longitudinal Wave Velocity

A356 aluminum alloy has become the core material for automobile wheel manufacturing due to its excellent casting performance and mechanical properties, and its mechanical properties directly determine the structural safety and service life of wheels. Traditional mechanical property testing (such as tensile testing) requires sample destruction and has a long detection cycle, making it difficult to meet the real-time quality control needs of wheel production lines. In this study, A356 aluminum alloy wheels were taken as the research object. Samples with different heat treatment conditions were prepared to collect ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity data and corresponding mechanical property indicators (such as tensile strength and Brinell hardness) of the samples, and the intrinsic correlation between ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity and mechanical properties was analyzed. The research shows that the constructed detection model has good stability and accuracy, which can effectively avoid the limitations of traditional detection methods, significantly shorten the detection time, and provide reliable technical support for quality monitoring, performance prediction, and full-batch rapid screening during the production process of A356 aluminum alloy wheels.