CRYOGENIC FLUID APPLICATION PROSPECTS IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Mankind learned to create fire and high temperatures about 20 thousand years ago, but it was not possible to achieve cold. The first primitive cooling systems appeared in ancient Egypt, among the Sumerians, but this happened much later. The concept of cryogenic technology appeared only at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. Thanks to the use of cryogenic temperatures, people learned to liquefy gases - that is, to turn gas into a liquid. For a long time it was believed that substances such as nitrogen and oxygen could only exist in a gaseous state. Only in the 19th century did Michael Faraday become the first to liquefy most of the gases known at that time, with the exception of oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, which he learned to liquefy much later. Modern and promising technologies require improving the use of cold energy and increasing its efficiency. New research lays the foundation for the creation of new energy-saving, environmentally friendly, lowtemperature systems and devices that can be used not only in the energy and aerospace industries, but also in everyday life and environmental care. The article describes the technology for obtaining cryogenic fluids, their specific properties, areas of application and future prospects. The exhaust gases from cryogenic fuels do not contain carcinogenic substances, smoke and 25-30% less carbon dioxide, which is one of the decisive factors in the conditions of fierce competition and environmental protection requirements. When cryogenic fuels are spilled, they do not absorb into the ground, but evaporate, which is important for the environment. The economic effect of using cryogenic technologies in aviation and other types of transport immeasurably exceeds the costs of their development. Modern and promising technologies require improving the use of cold energy and increasing its efficiency. New research lays the foundation for the creation of new energy-saving, environmentally friendly, low-temperature systems and devices that can be used not only in the energy and aerospace industries, but also in everyday life and environmental care.