Study on the Influence of Thermodynamic Effects on the Characteristics of Liquid Nitrogen Cavitating Flow around Hydrofoils

The cavitation behavior of cryogenic liquids in the field of cryogenic engineering is distinct, showcasing fundamental differences from the cavitation behavior observed in ambient temperature water. Cavitation occurrence imposes severe limitations on the operational stability of cryogenic media transportation equipment, leading to safety concerns and increased manufacturing costs. Investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics of cavitation in cryogenic fluids holds significant value for both academia and engineering. The complexity of cavitation in cryogenic fluids primarily manifests through the coupled effects of thermodynamics, vortices, and bubbles during the cavitation process. In order to further explore the coupling mechanism, numerical simulations employing the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) turbulence model and Sauer-Schnerr cavitation model are conducted to validate the accuracy of the numerical calculations using the Hord experiment hydrofoil as a benchmark. Subsequently, the unsteady cavitation flow of liquid nitrogen around the NACA 0015 hydrofoil is simulated by the same numerical calculation method. The results indicate that the simulated results best coincide with experimental results when the bubble number density in the Sauer-Schnerr cavitation model reaches 108. The upstream development of the re-entrant jet under the driving force of inverse pressure gradient is the fundamental reason for the detachment of the primary cavitation zone. Under the same inflow cavitation number, the thermodynamic effect significantly inhibits the generation of bubbles and changes the range of the inverse pressure gradient, thus affecting the separation behavior of the primary cavitation zone.