Mangosteen peel extract (mpe) and dfdbbx applied to cavia cobaya tooth extraction sockets for guided bone regeneration

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and microbiological effects of combining mangosteen peel extract (MPE) and demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft (DFDBBX) on the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), the amount of osteoblast, and the amount of osteoclast in the alveolar bone following Cavia cobaya tooth extraction. Tooth extraction followed by alveolar ridge resorption is an unavoidable physiological process. The combination of MPE and DFDBBX is expected to primarily provide osteoconductive properties as well as strengthen the graft in order to stimulate new bone formation. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Cavia cobaya were divided into two groups for 7-day (group A) and 30-day (group B) examinations, respectively. Each group consisted of twenty-eight animals that received four treatments. In each treatment, seven Cavia cobaya were used. The bottom right incisor was extracted. In groups AI and BI, tooth sockets were filled with 25 grams of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Tooth sockets in groups AII and BII were filled with 0.5 grams of DFDBBX and 24.5 grams of PEG. Tooth sockets in groups AIII and BIII were filled with 0.5 grams of MPE and 24.5 grams of PEG. In groups AIV and BIV, tooth sockets were filled with a mixture of 0.5 grams of DFDBBX, 0.5 grams of MPE, and 24 grams of PEG. Cavia cobaya's mandible was decalcified with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) at 7 and 30 days. During this time, histopathology (HPA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests were also performed. Statistical analysis: The calculated amounts of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and FGF-2 expression data were used in the one-way ANOVA test. Results: FGF2 expression and the number of osteoblasts increased significantly after 7-day and 30-day of examination. On the other hand, the number of osteoclasts decreased. Conclusion: The combination of MPE and DFDBBX effectively increases FGF-2 expression and the number of osteoblast cells while decreasing the number of osteoclast cells on the alveolar ridge of Cavia cobaya.