Phytochemical, biochemical Analysis and Sonographic evaluation of Bioactive Compounds in Gongronema latifolium (Utazi) leaf extract

Gongronema latifolium (G. latifolium), commonly known as "Utazi" in Igbo and "Arokeke" in Yoruba, is widely used in traditional medicine due to its bioactive compounds which established its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties . This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of G. latifolium leaves extract using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and the potential effect of ethanolic leaf extract on hepatic function using sonographic imaging. The qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and steroids, while terpenoids were absent. TLC analysis identified two active components with Rf values of 1.23 cm (green) and 1.15 cm (lemon). GC-FID results confirmed the presence of significant alkaloids, including colchicine (30.4710 µg/ml) and quercetin (22.0830 µg/ml), as well as flavonoids such as flavone (13.4719 µg/ml) and kaempferol (13.4345 µg/ml). These bioactive compounds are associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and cardiovascular benefits. 12 wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control,low-dose, high-dose and recovery group.Over 28 days ultrasound imaging was performed at interval to access structural changes in the liver and kidney correlating with biochemical markers.Sonagraphic analysis reveals those-dependent variations in echotexture and organ morphology indicating potential hepatoprotective threshold. This study underscores the relevance of non-invasive imaging and phtytochemical compounds in Medical and pharmaceutical research.