Application of TPI for Analysis of Landforms and LULC of Adama Wereda, Ethiopia

Topographic Position Index (TPI) algorithm is useful for landform classification using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) to identify upper, middle and lower parts of the landscape. Topographic slope positions and landform classifications can be automated and measured by employing the Jenness algorithm based on the Set of Rules in the TPI. Adama Wereda in Ethiopia has been selected to study the different landforms classified using DEM (30m resolution) and Landsat 8 OLI data. Spatial statistics and GIS applications were also used to distinguish the geomorphologic properties of DEM. Adama Wereda encompasses 2.15% of the valley, 33.79% of flat lands, 15.85 % of lower slope, 33.07% of average slope, 12.85% of upper slope and 2.24% of ridges. Nine land use and land cover (LULC) classes, specifically rocky terrain, built up area, forests, water bodies, roads, agriculture, barren land, hill/mountain and fallow land have been analyzed. Landforms of Adama Wereda are ranging from large-scale features such as plains and mountain ranges to minor features such as hills and valleys. The built-up area and agriculture are covering most of the landform classes. U shaped valley was observed in water bodies. The various classifications of TPI and landform can be used in precision agriculture, land-use alteration studies, etc.