Clinical Characteristics and Statistical Evaluation of Child Patients Nocturnal Enuresis with OAB

Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) in children is a common functional voiding disorder that may present with urgency, increased frequency, daytime incontinence, and nocturnal enuresis. Early identification of clinical features and associated factors is essential for proper diagnosis and management. This study aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, urodynamic patterns, and investigation findings of pediatric patients with OAB. Objective: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and urodynamic patterns of children diagnosed with overactive bladder (OAB). Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted over 18 months in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases & Urology, Dhaka. Thirty children aged 6–15 years diagnosed with OAB were enrolled following informed consent. Socio-demographic data, family history, clinical symptoms, physical examination findings, urodynamic patterns, urine analysis, and ultrasonography (USG) findings were recorded in a structured case-record form and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: The mean age of participants was 11.33±2.44 years, with a male predominance (70%). Consanguinity and family history of urinary symptoms were noted in several cases. Urodynamic assessment revealed that 60% had small-capacity reduced-compliance bladders, 20% had reduced-compliance overactive bladders, 16.7% had compliant bladders with normal voiding (mild OAB), and 3.3% demonstrated increased compliance with normal voiding. Clinical examination frequently showed urgency and increased voiding frequency. Urine analysis was unremarkable in most children, while USG findings generally supported functional rather than structural abnormalities. Conclusion: Children with OAB commonly present with urgency, increased frequency, and variable urodynamic abnormalities, with small-capacity reduced-compliance bladder being the most frequent pattern. Detailed clinical evaluation combined with urodynamic assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis and individualized management. Further large-scale studies are recommended to better define clinical predictors and outcomes in pediatric OAB.