Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Primary Enuresis in Children

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common disease in children, commonly known as bedwetting. The International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) defines intermittent urinary incontinence during nighttime sleep in children aged 5 and above as enuresis. Enuresis can be divided into two types: primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) and secondary nocturnal enuresis (SNE). PNE refers to nocturnal urinary control ability that has never been achieved for more than 6 months in children aged 5 and above with enuresis; SNE refers to the recurrence of enuresis symptoms after a period of more than 6 months of continuous nocturnal urinary control ability. SNE is relatively rare in clinical practice and is often caused by sudden stress events or other diseases such as snoring. Its pathogenesis and treatment are different from PNE. PNE is a multifactorial disease related to genetics, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. There are not many research and review articles on its pathogenesis. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the epidemiology and pathogenesis of PNE. The following is a summary.