ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGIES

Advanced semiconductor technologies are driving the continued evolution of high-performance, energy-efficient, and highly integrated electronic systems beyond the limits of conventional scaling. This chapter provides an overview of emerging semiconductor technologies that address the challenges of power, performance, and reliability at deep nanometer nodes. Topics include advanced CMOS scaling, FinFETs and gate-all-around (GAA) devices, new materials such as high-k dielectrics and wide-bandgap semiconductors, and three-dimensional (3D) integration techniques. The chapter also discusses heterogeneous integration, advanced packaging, and chiplet-based architectures as key enablers of system-level innovation. In addition, emerging paradigms such as neuromorphic and quantum-compatible devices are briefly introduced. By examining both technological advancements and associated design challenges, this chapter highlights how advanced semiconductor technologies are shaping the future of VLSI systems and enabling next-generation applications across computing, communication, and sensing domains.