Reply

Messrs. Campbell, Cohen, and Lewin have very usefully augmented my fragmentary efforts. It is good to have Dr. Lewin's informed judgment concerning the prospects for modest, steady growth in off-farm agricultural output during this period. He has sketched the direct link that Professor Campbell queries between the first plan's targets and the “waste, turbulence, sacrifice, and destruction” that gave rise to a whole new state system. Professor Cohen supplies illuminating detail on the relation of the Stalin-Bukharin struggle to the formulation of the First Five-Year Plan. His suggestion that regional leaders' efforts to get more projects for their regions had the effect of driving up the plan's investment (and therefore output) targets seems especially important. The proposition that Stalin's “socialism in one country,” having won out over Trotsky's stress on “permanent revolution” in the out-side world, should turn out to embody renewed domestic revolution (or civil war) is a major insight. Professor Campbell's eggs and bacon analogy is likely to become a permanent addition to our pedagogy, especially since this dietary problem still exists in the USSR.