Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Against Gram‐Positive and Gram‐Negative Bacteria

Abstract Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (Ca(OH) 2 NPs) are of great interest in the development of new products due to their antibacterial properties. Chemical precipitation process was used for synthesizing Ca(OH) 2 NPs. The synthesized Ca(OH) 2 NPs were characterized by using X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transmission Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV‐Visible spectroscopy, DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) techniques. Ca(OH) 2 NPs were assessed for antibacterial activity against gram‐positive bacteria ( Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus ) and gram‐negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). The results showed reasonable bactericidal activity and flash out that the antibacterial activity of Ca(OH) 2 had an important inhibitory activity against B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa which are gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of Ca(OH) 2 NPs were also studied and shows significant results against both gram negative and gram positive bacteria. From the analysis of the results, it was observed that Ca(OH) 2 shows the best antibacterial activity against gram‐positive bacteria B. subtilis . Further, the possible mechanisms of antibacterial behaviour of Ca(OH) 2 against each bacteria were suggested. These outcomes indicate that Ca(OH) 2 could be utilized as a functional antibacterial material.