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A spectrum of non-spore-forming fermentative and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria: multi-drug resistance, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and carbapenemase production
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BackgroundIn developing countries, the co-existence of a high burden of infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria and the rapid increase and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a serious health threat.ObjectiveProfiling of Gram-negative bacteria and determining the magnitude of their antimicrobial resistance among patients.ResultsA total of 175 non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 873 different clinical samples. Of a total of 175 bacteria, 154 (88%) were fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, while 21 (12%) were non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. E. coliwith a frequency of 58.3% andK. pneumoniaewith a frequency of 18.3% were the predominant fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, whileP. aeruginosa9 (5.1%) andA. baumannii6 (3.4%) were the predominant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. The highest percentage level of antibiotic resistance was seen against ampicillin (86%), and the lowest against meropenem (9.8). About 49 (28%) Gram-negative bacilli were positive for ESBLase. The overall prevalence rate of MDR bacteria was 80.5%, of which 100% of A.baumannii, 90.6%of K. pneumonia.Sixteen isolates were resistant to meropenem, out of which 11 tested for carbapenemase production. Five of the nine were metallo-lactamase producers, with the remaining four being serine carbapenemase producers.ConclusionThe prevalence of Gram-negative bacterial infection was found to be 20%, with a significant proportion (80.0%) due to fermentative Gram-negative bacteria and the remaining 20% due to non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria. The study has also demonstrated a high prevalence rate of MDR, ESBLase, and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria should be monitored on a regular basis, and an effective infection control program should be implemented.
Title: A spectrum of non-spore-forming fermentative and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria: multi-drug resistance, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, and carbapenemase production
Description:
BackgroundIn developing countries, the co-existence of a high burden of infectious diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria and the rapid increase and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria have become a serious health threat.
ObjectiveProfiling of Gram-negative bacteria and determining the magnitude of their antimicrobial resistance among patients.
ResultsA total of 175 non-spore-forming Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 873 different clinical samples.
Of a total of 175 bacteria, 154 (88%) were fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, while 21 (12%) were non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria.
E.
coliwith a frequency of 58.
3% andK.
pneumoniaewith a frequency of 18.
3% were the predominant fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, whileP.
aeruginosa9 (5.
1%) andA.
baumannii6 (3.
4%) were the predominant non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria.
The highest percentage level of antibiotic resistance was seen against ampicillin (86%), and the lowest against meropenem (9.
8).
About 49 (28%) Gram-negative bacilli were positive for ESBLase.
The overall prevalence rate of MDR bacteria was 80.
5%, of which 100% of A.
baumannii, 90.
6%of K.
pneumonia.
Sixteen isolates were resistant to meropenem, out of which 11 tested for carbapenemase production.
Five of the nine were metallo-lactamase producers, with the remaining four being serine carbapenemase producers.
ConclusionThe prevalence of Gram-negative bacterial infection was found to be 20%, with a significant proportion (80.
0%) due to fermentative Gram-negative bacteria and the remaining 20% due to non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria.
The study has also demonstrated a high prevalence rate of MDR, ESBLase, and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria.
Antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria should be monitored on a regular basis, and an effective infection control program should be implemented.
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