SEISMIC AVO STUDIES ASSIST IN THE MAPPING OF A PERMIAN GAS SAND AT KERNA FIELD, COOPER BASIN

Kerna is a gas field within the south-central part of the Cooper Basin, 12 km southwest of the Dullingari Field and adjacent to the border of South Australia and Queensland. The trap is a domal anticline containing gas structurally trapped within the Early Permian Patchawarra Formation. The overlying Permian Epsilon Formation, above intervening shale, also contains gas, which may be stratigraphically trapped or restricted by permeability barriers around the southern and western flanks of the field. Seismic reflection amplitudes can be used to map the extent of the Epsilon gas sand. Seismic modelling studies show that the gas sand displays an amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) effect which distinguishes the gas sand from a wet sand or from a coal reflection at the same stratigraphic level. The spatial distribution of the AVO anomalies, and of the overall seismic stack response, has been mapped across the field. The interpreted 'seismic facies' map shows a meander belt across a coal swamp dominated flood plain. The distribution of AVO anomalies within and around this meander belt shows the likely occurrence of gas-bearing sandstones. This study has implications for other areas of the Cooper Basin where adequate separation between coal beds and gas sands allows the AVO effect of the latter to be observed. These AVO effects can then be used as a direct indicator of gas in stratigraphic and structural traps.