Models of Music Pedagogy and Their Influences on Technology-Based Music Instruction

Pedagogical approaches to teaching music have developed into mature curricular structures. The most prominent music pedagogies have features in common that can inform the new pedagogy of TBMI, and we should learn from the success of these approaches as we develop technology-based methods that will lead students to musical ends. In the section that follows, I will briefly summarize some of the major pedagogical approaches that are in use in today’s music classrooms. Then, I will offer lessons that we can learn from examining traditional music teaching that apply to the development of the TBMI approach. Saliba (1991) described the Orff-Schulwerk approach to music education as “pedagogy to organize elements of music for children through speaking, singing, playing, and dancing” (p. vii). This approach, which dates to early 19th-century Germany, combines basic musical elements into small forms such as songs and patterns in order to make musical material manageable for young children (Saliba, 1991). Carl Orff ’s approach to music education was based on his personal experiences and his belief that integrating music and movement was fundamental to music learning processes (Frazee & Kreuter, 1987; Frazee, 2006). Performing, listening, improvising, and analyzing music are all characteristic activities of Orff -Schulwerk music lessons. An important trait of this approach is its emphasis on children feeling musical elements (through active experience) prior to conceptualizing their understanding of the elements. Other distinguishing characteristics of the Orff pedagogy include the use of ostinati as accompaniment for singing and movement at varying levels of complexity and the use of simple instruments as a means for children’s immediate expression (Wheeler & Raebeck, 1977). Creativity is central to the original Orff-Schulwerk model of music pedagogy, as is the teacher’s role in facilitating that creativity. “[Orff ’s] instructional plan includes provisions for several kinds of original work. . . . The teacher should be prepared to help children notate their musical ideas, evaluate the music they produce, and relate their creative eff orts to the study of musical form and style” (Landis & Carder, 1990, p. 110).